Phase I of the R& D project

In the research and development process, researchers must create a  prototype innovation and then:

1) Logical Review and Analysis of the Preliminary Quality of the Prototype;  Using Expert Judgement or assessment by relevant practitioners.

2) Try out the innovation set with a small target group to assess its practical feasibility, identify weaknesses, and make improvements.

In these two steps, the preliminary quality Indicators of the innovation set are key indicators, including:

(1) Propriety/Appropriateness,

(2) Feasibility,

(3) Accuracy/Validity,

(4) Potential benefits for the target group, and

(5) Potential for sustainable development.

Phase II of the R&D Project

Pilot Study/Implementing the innovation set with a sample group or actual target group in a real-world operational context to study its effectiveness. Effectiveness here refers to the actual utilities, which may be measured by the expected outcomes of the innovation set and the reaction or feelings of the target group or stakeholders.

In this step, the key indicators may include:

(1) the actual benefits or Utilities of the innovation,

(2) the trend for sustainable development, and

(3) the Reaction of the target group (satisfaction, opinions on strengths or weaknesses of the innovation).

--------------------------

The meaning of Quality Indicators

The Appropriateness of any Model; aligns with the overall goals and context of the problem, is suitable for the target group, is suitable for the Digital Era, and uses appropriate technology

The Feasibility of any Model; Resource Availability, Data Availability and Quality, Complexity, Deployment ability, Ethical and Legal Considerations, Stakeholder Acceptance, etc.

The accuracy of any Model means that it has clear theoretical support, corresponds with the real need, uses modern technology, does not affect individual rights, does not affect the environment, and can fairly describe the level of quality.